Abstract: Objective To study the Efficacy of different atomization methods combined with vibration sputum elimination device in the treatment of elderly patients with lower respiratory tract infection.
Methods One hundred and twenty cases of elderly patients with lower respiratory tract infection were selected as the research object. They were divided into 4 groups according to the random number table method, 30 cases in each group. The basic treatment group was treated with vibration expectorant on the basis of basic treatment, the ultrasonic atomizer group was treated with ultrasonic atomizer on the basis of basic treatment, the oxygen atomizer group was treated with oxygen atomizer on the basis of basic treatment, and the pressure atomizer group was treated with pressure atomizer group B was treated with pressure atomization on the basis of the basic treatment group for 7 days. The differences of physiological indexes, blood gas indexes, lung function, 24 hour sputum discharge and adverse reactions were observed before and after the treatment.
Results There was no significant difference in heart rate, respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation among the four groups(P＞0.05). After 7 days of treatment, there was no significant difference in heart rate, respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation among the four groups(P＞0.05). After 7 days of treatment, arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2) of the four groups was higher than that before treatment, and arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO2) was lower(P＜0.01). After 7 days of treatment, PaO2 of the ultrasonic atomizer group, oxygen atomizer group and pressure atomizer group were higher than that of the basic treatment group, PaO2 of the oxygen atomizer group and pressure atomizer group were higher than that of the ultrasonic atomizer group, PaO2 of the oxygen atomizer group was lower than that of the ultrasonic atomizer group, PaO2 of the pressure atomizer group was lower than that of the oxygen atomizer group, and PaO2 of the oxygen atomizer group was higher than that of the oxygen atomizer group(P＜0.01)）. After 7 days of treatment, forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1%), forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC) and peak expiratory flow(PEF) of the four groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(P＜0.01). After 7 days of treatment, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and PEF in the ultrasonic atomization group, oxygen atomization group and pressure atomization group were higher than those in the basic treatment group, FEV1, FEV1 / FVC and PEF in the oxygen atomization group and pressure atomization group were higher than those in the ultrasonic atomization group, FEV1, FEV1 / FVC and PEF in the pressure atomization group were lower than those in the oxygen atomization group, the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01). After 7 days of treatment, the amount of sputum excretion in the four groups increased significantly compared with that before treatment(P＜0.01). After 7 days of treatment, the sputum volume of ultrasonic atomization group, oxygen atomization group and pressure atomization group was more than that of basic treatment group. The sputum volume of oxygen atomization group and pressure atomization group was more than that of ultrasonic atomization group. The sputum volume of pressure atomization group was less than that of oxygen atomization group, the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01). There were significant differences in adverse reactions(P＜0.01). The biggest adverse reaction rate was in the pressure atomization group.
Conclusion Oxygen atomization therapy combined with expectorant therapy, the patient′s blood gas indicators and lung function indicators are significantly improved, the rate of adverse reactions are low, it is worth promoting in clinical.

Key words: respiratory tract infection, aerosol inhalation, vibration expectoration