河北医科大学学报

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一期前路病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸椎结核伴神经损伤效果分析

  

  1. 河北省胸科医院骨科,河北 石家庄 050041
  • 出版日期:2016-09-25 发布日期:2016-09-28
  • 作者简介:姚晓伟( 1985- ),男,河北石家庄人,河北省胸科医 院主治医师,医学硕士,从事脊柱与关节结核诊治研究。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省医学科学研究重点课题( 20160501 )

Efficacy analysis of anterior thorough debridement of Ⅰperiod in the treatment of thoracic tuberculosis with nerve injury

  1. Department of Orthopedics, the Chest Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050041, China
  • Online:2016-09-25 Published:2016-09-28

摘要: [摘要] 目的 初步探讨一期前路椎管减压彻底病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸椎结核伴神经损伤的临床效果及
其可行性。方法 选择脊柱结核并发截瘫患者 157 例,均实施一期前路病灶清除椎管减压植骨融合内固定手术。
术前强化抗结核治疗 3~4 周。术后继续全程强化抗结核治疗 12~18 个月。对患者病灶愈合情况、神经功能恢复
状况,后凸畸形改善和丢失情况进行评价。结果 患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间(
5. 2±0.5 ) h ,出血量( 800±150 )
mL 。出现胸膜损伤 2 例、肋间神经疼痛 13 例、脑脊液漏 1 例。 157 例患者成功随访 147 例,随访率 93.6% ,随访
3~36 个月,平均 23 个月。其中 136 例手术切口一期愈合; 7 例手术切口感染,经抗生素、清洁换药治疗后二期愈
合;
1 例胸部切口形成窦道,经切口换药 5 个月后愈合; 3 例原病灶结核复发,行二次翻修病灶清除手术。术后 1 年
骨病灶愈合,
76 例获得 Ⅰ 级骨性愈合, 40 例获得 Ⅱ 级骨性愈合, 24 例获得 Ⅲ 级骨性愈合, 5 例获得 Ⅳ 级骨性愈合, 2
例椎间隙植骨无融合并出现钉棒系统松动而行翻修手术。术后神经损伤开始恢复时间 5d~2 个月。末次随访
Cobb 角和 VAS 评分均低于术前 1d , ASIA 分级较术前 1d 比较明显改善,差异有统计学意义( P <0.05 )。结论
在有效抗结核治疗基础上,实施一期前路病灶清除植骨减压内固定治疗胸椎结核伴神经损伤,有利于神经功能恢
复、矫正后凸畸形、恢复脊柱生物力学稳定性,其可作为胸椎结核伴神经损伤患者的有效选择。

关键词: 结核, 脊柱, 周围神经损伤, 减压术, 外科

Abstract: [
Abstract ] Objective Toinvestigatetheclinicefficacyandfeasibilityoftreatingthoracic
tuberculosiscomplicated with nerveinjury byanteriorthorough debridementof Ⅰperiod ,
decompressionofthespinalcanalandbonegraftingandinternalfixation.Methods Thesurgery
ofdebridementofⅠperiod , decompressionofthespinalcanalandbonegraftingandinternal
fixationwerecarriedouton157 patients.Thepatients wereapplied withanti-tuberculosis
treatmentstrengthenedfor3-4weeksregularlybeforesurgery , andthenperformedanoperation
untiltheyhadnosurgicalcontraindications.Theywouldbecontinuousreceivedintensiveanti-
tuberculosistreatmentfor12-18 monthspostoperative.Thesituationsoflesionshealing ,
neurologicalfunctionrecovery , aswellastheimprovementandlossofthekyphosisdeformity
wereevaluated.Results Patientsweresuccessfullyoperated , theaverageoperationtimewas (
5. 2±0.5 ) handtheaveragebleedingamountwas ( 800±150 ) ml.Therewere2casesforpleural
injury , 13casesforintercostalnervepain
, and1caseforcerebrospinalfluidleakage.One
hundredandfifty-sevencaseswerefollowedupfor147cases , andthefollow-upratewas93.6%.
Theaveragefollow-upwas36months , from3monthsto36months.Thesurgicalincisionswere
healingin136cases , infectivein7casesbuthealingbysecondintentionthroughtherapywith
antibioticsanddressing.Onecasedevelopedfistulas , butwashealedafterdressingfor5months.
Primarylesionsoftuberculosiswererecurrencein3cases , andthepatientswereperformedlesion
removalsurgeryandrevisiontwice.Foroneyearsafterthehealingofbonemetastases , 76casesof
patientswerewithgradeIbonehealing , GradeⅡ boneunionwasobtainedin40cases.Ⅲgrade
bonehealingwasobtainedin24cases.Ⅳgradebonehealingwasobtainedin5cases.Incomplete
fusionofgraftboneandinternalfixationfracturewereoccurredin2cases.Theywerefollowedto
receiverevisionsurgery , and5d-2monthslaternervesbegantorecover.Lastfollow-upCobb
angleandVASscoreswerelowerthanpreoperative1d.ASIAgradecomparedwithpreoperative
1daywasobviouslyimproved.Thedifferencewasstatisticallysignificant ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusion
Onthebasisoftheeffectiveanti-tuberculosistreatment , theimplementationofphaseⅠ by
anteriorradicaldebridementanddecompressionandinternalfixationfortreatmentofthoracic
vertebraetuberculosiscomplicatedwithnerveinjurywerebeneficialtotherecoveryofneural
function , kyphosiscorrection , restorethebiomechanicalstabilityofthespine.Itcanbeusedas
aneffectivechoiceforpatientswiththoracictuberculosiswithnerveinjury.

Key words: tuberculosis, spinal , peripheralnerveinjuries , decompression, surgical