河北医科大学学报

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肺炎患儿咽部吸出物检测及细菌耐药性分析

  

  1. 河北省邯郸市妇幼保健院儿科,河北 邯郸 056001
  • 出版日期:2016-01-25 发布日期:2016-04-27
  • 作者简介:黄广丽( 1973- ),女,山东梁山人,河北省邯郸市妇 幼保健院副主任医师,医学学士,从事儿科疾病诊治研究。

Bacteria detection in sputum and analysis of bacterial resistance in childhood pneumonia

  1. Department of Pediatrics,Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Handan City,Hebei Province,Handan 056001,China
  • Online:2016-01-25 Published:2016-04-27

摘要: 目的 观察儿童社区获得性肺炎( community-acquiredpneumonia , CAP )细菌感染情况并进行耐药分
析,为早期的初始病原学治疗提供依据及临床用药提供参考。方法 对 CAP 住院患儿 1328 例采用无菌负压吸引新
鲜痰液标本进行细菌培养,检出细菌用纸片扩散法( K-B 法)和肉汤稀释法分析其对抗生素的耐药性。结果 1328
份痰标本中细菌检测阳性 676 份,阳性率 50.9% ,共检出细菌 680 株,检出率前 5 位依次是肺炎链球菌( 204 株/ 680
株)、肺炎克雷伯菌[
130 株/ 680 株,其中产超广谱 β - 内酰胺酶( extendedspectrumbeta-lactamases , ESBLs )菌 8 株]、
大肠埃希菌(
104 株/ 680 株,其中产 ESBLs 菌 5 株)、金黄色葡萄球菌( 88 株/ 680 株,其中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球
菌 10 株)、流感嗜血杆菌( 36 株/ 680 株)。药敏结果显示革兰阳性菌中肺炎链球菌对青霉素耐药率 19.6% ,对阿莫
西林/棒酸耐药率 12.7% 。金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素、阿莫西林/棒酸耐药率 90.0% 以上。革兰阴性菌对氨苄西
林、头孢唑啉、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、复方新诺明耐药率高,对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、环丙沙星、阿
米卡星耐药率低,对美罗培南敏感。结论 邯郸地区 CAP 细菌感染以肺炎链球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、金
黄色葡萄球菌常见;青霉素及阿莫西林克拉维酸钾敏感的肺炎链球菌占多数;虽然痰液标本对肺炎病原学判断价
值有限,但仍是基层医院监测细菌、指导合理用药、减少耐药菌株产生的主要手段。

关键词: 肺炎, 抗菌药, 耐药性

Abstract: ] Objective Toinvestigatebacterialinfectionanddrugresistanceinchildrenwith
community-acquiredpneumonia ( CAP ), andtoprovidethebasisforearlyclinicaldrugtherapy.
Methods Theworkinvestigated1328CAPaffectedinfantsinourhospital.Theirsputum
samplesweregotthroughasepticnegativepressureattractionandthenbacterialcultivationwas
madewithagardilution.ThebacterialdrugresistancewasmeasuredthroughbothKirby-Bauer
discdiffusionandbrothdilutionmethods.Results Theresultsrevealed676positiveinfantsand
thepositiverate50.9%.Thetopfivebacteriaranged : Streptococcuspneumonia ( 204 / 680 ),
Klebsiellapneumonia ( 130 / 680 , including8 ESBLs ), Escherichiacoli ( 104 / 680 , including5
ESBLs ), Staphylococcusaureus ( 88 / 680 , including10MRAS ), andHaemophilusinfluenzae ( 36 /
680 ) .TheanalysisofantibioticsusceptibilitytestrevealedthatStreptococcuspneumoniaingram-
positivebacteriashowed19.6%resistanceratetothepenicillin ; Thedrugresistanceratewere
12.7% toamoxicillin / clavulanaicacid.Meanwhile , Staphylococcusaureusshowed morethan
90.0% drugresistanceratetopenicillinandamoxicillin / clavulanaicacid.Ontheotherhand ,
cefotaximeandcotrimoxazole.But , theyshowedhighsensitivitytomeropenem.Conclusion
Theobservationsrevealedthat CAPin ourhospital was mainlyinduced by Streptococcus
pneumonia , Klebsiella
pnueumoniae , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus
aureus. Most
streptococcuspneumoniaaresensitivetopenicillinandamoxicillinclavulanatepotassium.The
resultsareimportantfortestingpathogenicandusingantibioticreasonably , althoughthesputum
samplesarelimitedtothejudgmentofpneumoniaetiology.
gram-negativebacteriashowedhighdrugresistanceratetoampicillin , cephazolin , ceftriaxone ,

Key words: pneumonia , anti-bacterialagents , drugfastness