河北医科大学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 591-596.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2025.05.016

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青年患者视网膜血管阻塞性疾病随访观察

  

  1. 河北医科大学第二医院眼科，河北 石家庄 050000

  • 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-05-23
  • 作者简介:政府资助临床优秀人才培养项目（ZF2023131）
    陈博雅（1997-），女，河北保定人，河北医科大学第二医院医师，医学硕士，从事视网膜病诊治研究。

  • 基金资助:
    政府资助临床优秀人才培养项目（ZF2023131）

A follow-up study of retinal vascular obstructive disease in young patients

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China

  • Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-05-23

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摘要： 目的 分析年龄40岁及以下青年视网膜血管阻塞患者远期随访，观察其发生心脑血管事件的风险。
方法 选取2008年1月—2016年12月就诊于河北医科大学第二医院眼科，年龄≤40岁，并诊断为视网膜血管阻塞的患者，对其进行包括查阅病历、电话随访、门诊复查等方式随访，记录患者年龄、性别、眼别、视网膜血管阻塞类型、既往病史、随访患者病史等资料。
结果 成功随访了156例患者，视网膜静脉阻塞140例（89.74%），视网膜动脉阻塞10例（6.41%），视网膜静脉阻塞合并视网膜动脉阻塞共6例（3.85%）。男性103例（66.03%）。发病年龄17~40岁，平均发病年龄（33.36±5.66）岁，中位数年龄为34.5岁，平均随访时间为（10.71±2.62）年。45例存在包括高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症的全身疾病，其中42例发病前诊断为高血压，8例诊断为糖尿病，2例诊断为高脂血症。在随访期间，28例新发生高血压，11例新发生糖尿病，7例新发生高脂血症。8例（5.13%）在随访期间出现了心脑血管事件，其中2例(1.28%)发生心肌梗死，2例(1.28%)发生脑梗死，5例（3.21%)发生冠心病，1例合并出现了多种心脑血管事件，1例死亡。
结论 青年人发生视网膜血管阻塞后，发生心脑血管事件的风险较高，当患者出现高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症等易发生心脑血管疾病的高危因素时，可以通过控制这些高危因素以降低患者发生心脑血管事件的概率。


关键词: 视网膜血管, 心血管疾病, 脑血管障碍

Abstract: Objective To analyze the long-term follow-up in young patients aged 40 years or younger diagnosed with retinal vascular occlusion (RVO), and to investigate the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. 
Methods Patients aged 40 years or younger and diagnosed with RVO at the Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, from January 2008 to December 2016, were selected. Follow-up was conducted through medical record reviews, telephone calls, and outpatient visits. Data including the patient′s age, gender, affected eye, type of RVO, and medical history were recorded. 
Results A total of 156 patients were successfully followed up. Among them, 140 had RVO (89.74%), 10 had retinal artery occlusion (6.41%), and 6 had both RVO and retinal artery occlusion (3.85%). There were 103 males (66.03%). The age of onset ranged from 17 to 40 years, with an average of (33.36±5.66) years and a median of 34.5 years. The average follow-up time was (10.71±2.62) years. A total of 45 patients had systemic diseases, including hypertension (42 patients), diabetes (8 patients), and hyperlipidemia (2 patients) before onset. During the follow-up period, 28 new cases of hypertension, 11 new cases of diabetes, and 7 new cases of hyperlipidemia were identified. Eight patients (5.13%) experienced cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction (2 patients, 1.28%), cerebral infarction (2 patients, 1.28%), and coronary heart disease (5 patients, 3.21%), with one patient experiencing multiple cardiovascular events and one death. 
Conclusion Young patients with RVO have a higher risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. When patients have hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and other high-risk factors that are prone to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the probability of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events can be reduced by controlling these high-risk factors. 


Key words: retinal vessels, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular disorders

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