Abstract: Abstract］  ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical significance of dynamic monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid cytology in the differential diagnosis and therapeutic effect of central nervous system infectious diseases. MethodsThe results of the cerebrospinal fluid cytology in 117 cases of infectious diseases of central nervous system were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsAmong the 117 patients, tuberculous meningitis(TBM) was found in 70 cases（5983%）, viral meningitis(encephalitis) was found in 30 cases(2564%), purulent meningitis(PM) was found in 10 cases(855%), cryptococcal meningitis(CM) was found in 6 cases(513%), and  cerebral cysticercosis was found in 1 case(085%). The cases in TBM group showed a mixedcell response in cerebrospinal fluid.With the improvement of the condition, neutrophils was gradually decreased, but the duration was longer. Purulent meningitis was mainly dominated by neutrophils. After antiinfection treatment, neutrophils declined sharply in a short period of time. Viral meningitis were mainly in lymphocyte reaction. Cryptococcus neoformans could be directly found in cryptococcal meningitis by cerebrospinal fluid cytology,which can achieve the etiological diagnosis. Eosinophile cells were increased in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with cerebral cysticercosis. Eosinophilia was decreased gradually after insecticide treatment. ConclusionTBM was the most common infectious disease of central nervous system in our hospital. The dynamic monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid cytology had an important role on the diagnosis and guiding the prognosis in patients with infectious diseases of central nervous system.

Key words: central nervous system infections, cytological techniques, diagnosis, differential