Journal of Hebei Medical University ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 553-556,578.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2023.05.011

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The effect of abnormal glucose metabolism and vitamin d deficiency of pregnant women on the thyroid functions of their offspring

  

  1. 1.Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei Province, 
    Zhangjiakou 075100, China; 2.Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of 
    Hebei North University, Hebei Province, Zhangjiakou 075100, China; 3.Digestive Endoscopy 
    Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, 
    Hebei Province, Zhangjiakou 075100, China

  • Online:2023-05-25 Published:2023-05-25

Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of blood glucose and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] level of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the thyroid functions of their offspring newborns. 
Methods A total of 186 pregnant women with GDM were divided into GDM intervention group (n=102) and GDM non-intervention group (n=84) according to their blood glucose control. Another 98 healthy pregnant women in the same period were randomly selected as the control group. The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 25-(OH)D, thyroid function indexes and corresponding neonatal thyroid function indexes were compared in the three groups. All pregnant women were divided into vitamin D deficiency group and vitamin D non-deficiency group according to their 25-(OH)D levels, and the corresponding incidence rate of neonatal congenital hypothyroidism (CH) was compared between two groups. 
Results The levels of FPG and HbA1c of pregnant women in GDM non-intervention group were higher than those in other two groups. The blood 25-(OH)D level of pregnant women was the lowest in GDM non-intervention group, followed by GDM intervention group, and the highest in control group. The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of pregnant women was the highest in GDM non-intervention group, followed by GDM intervention group, and the lowest in control group. The free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxin (FT4) in GDM non-intervention group were lower than those of the other two groups. The TSH of the offspring of GDM non-intervention group was higher than those of GDM intervention group and control group. The FT3 and FT4 of the offspring of GDM non-intervention group were lower than those of the other two groups, and the corresponding incidence rate of neonatal CH of vitamin D deficiency group was higher than that of vitamin D non-deficiency group. 
Conclusion Abnormal glucose metabolism and vitamin D deficiency of pregnant women can cause hypothyroidism of their offspring. According to the blood glucose and vitamin D related monitoring indexes of pregnant women with GDM, targeted intervention has great clinical significance in preventing thyroid dysfunction and abnormal development of newborns. 


Key words: diabetes, gestational, blood glucose, 25-hydroxyvitamin D