Abstract: Objective To study the early diagnosis, individualized treatment and follow-up results of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children. 
Methods A total of 120 children with OSAS aged 5-10 years were selected as the observation subjects. General information of children was collected. Based on the clinical characteristics of the children, the diagnosis, treatment process, and follow-up results were summarized through nasopharyngeal lateral X-ray, fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy, and polysomnography (PSG) examination. 
Results The main clinical characteristics of children with OSAS were sleep snoring (n=120, 100.00%), sleep apnea (n=89, 74.17%), mouth breathing (n=107, 89.17%), hearing loss (n=14, 11.67%), and enuresis (n=10, 8.33%). Of the 120 children, 87 (72.50%) had tonsillar hypertrophy, 88 (73.33%) had adenoidal hypertrophy, and 15 (12.50%) had both tonsillar and adenoidal hypertrophy. There were 11 cases (9.17%) of mild OSAS, 59 cases (49.17%) of moderate OSAS, and 50 cases (41.67%) of severe OSAS. For mild and moderate OSAS children (without adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy), combined with the parents′ wishes, 16 patients were treated with nasal glucocorticoids and/or montelukast sodium, and 10 patients (62.50%) were cured or significantly improved. In addition, 45 patients underwent tonsillectomy, and 44 patients (97.78%) were cured or significantly improved; 42 patients underwent adenoidectomy, and 40 patients (95.24%) were cured or significantly improved. Another 15 patients underwent tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, and 14 patients (93.33%) were cured or significantly improved. At 3 and 6 months after treatment, the obstructive apnea index and sleep apnea hypopnea index in children with OSAS were lower than those before treatment, and the lowest arterial oxygen saturation was higher than that before treatment (P＜0.05). 
Conclusion Children with OSAS have obvious clinical manifestations and more accompanying diseases. The diagnosis can be combined with lateral nasopharyngeal X-ray, PSG and fibrous nasopharyngoscopy, and individualized treatment can be developed according to the specific conditions of children. Among them, tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are effective treatment methods for OSAS. 

Key words: sleep apnea, obstructive, early diagnosis, treatment, child