河北医科大学学报

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脊柱结核402例围手术期处理策略#br#

  

  1. 1.河北省胸科医院骨科,河北 石家庄 050041;2.河北省胸科医院病案室,河北 石家庄 050041
  • 出版日期:2019-11-25 发布日期:2019-11-21
  • 作者简介:刘丰胜(1962-),男,河北承德人,河北省胸科医院主任医师,医学学士,从事骨科疾病诊治研究。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省医学科学研究重点课题(20150142)

Perioperative management strategy for 402 cases of spinal tuberculosis#br#

  1. 1.Department of Orthopedics, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050041, China;
    2.Department of Medical Record Room, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050041, China
  • Online:2019-11-25 Published:2019-11-21

摘要: [摘要]
〖HTH〗目的〖HTSS〗〖KG*2〗探讨脊柱结核的围手术期常见问题及应对策略。
〖HTH〗方法〖HTSS〗〖KG*2〗针对脊柱结核患者围手术期关注要点进行回顾性总结分析。回顾性分析402例脊柱结核患者的临床资料。其中男性220例,女性182例,年龄1.5~89岁,平均(47.8±26.6)岁。颈椎10例,颈胸段6例,胸椎152例,胸腰段19例,腰椎170例,腰骶段45例,合并截瘫18例。总结脊柱结核患者围手术期关注要点、合并症及其相应的处理方法和治疗效果。
〖HTH〗结果〖HTSS〗〖KG*2〗402例患者中病理确诊率为77.11%。术前抗结核时间3~7 d 28例,>7~21 d 280例,>21~90 d 59例,>90 d以上35例。术前伴发其他系统疾病前4位的是肺结核、低蛋白血症、高血压、糖尿病。结核菌培养阳性率48.51%,耐药结核占培养阳性20.40%,耐多药占耐药结核43.90%。术前采用的抗结核方案为初治方案、复治方案、耐药方案。手术方法为颈椎及颈胸段采用前路手术16例,胸腰椎前路326例、后前路15例,腰骶段前路28例、后路5例、后前路12例。1年内384例达到骨病灶愈合标准,愈合率95.52%,8例骨病灶未愈,未愈率1.99%,二次手术清理5例,二次手术率1.24%。1年后骨病灶复发2例,复发率0.50%。围手术期死亡2例,开胸手术后胸腔出血填塞2例,肋间神经痛18例。
〖HTH〗结论〖HTSS〗〖KG*2〗做好围手术期处理是手术成功的重要保证,术前作出准确的诊断及鉴别、做好规范的抗结核治疗是治疗脊柱结核的基础,围手术期做好病原学检查和细菌敏感性试验有利于控制复发,提高治愈率;及时正确处理好其他系统伴发疾病、依据病情合理制定个体化手术方案是治疗成功的保证。

关键词: 结核, 脊柱, 围手术期, 病灶清除

Abstract: [Abstract] Objective〖HTSS〗To investigate the treatments and solutions of perioperative management of spinal tuberculosis.
〖HTH〗〖WTHZ〗Methods〖HTSS〗A retrospective analysis was conducted on spinal tuberculosis patients during perioperative period. The clinical information from 402 patients with spinal tuberculosis was analyzed. Among those patients, 220 cases were male and 182 cases were female, the average age was (47.8±26.6) years old (range one year and six months to eighty-nine years). The lesion located at cervical spine in 10 cases, chest spine in 6 cases, thoracic spine in 152 cases, Thoracolumbar spine in 19 cases, lumbar spine in 170 cases, lumbosacral spine in 45 cases, combined paraplegia in 18 cases. This article summarized treatments, precautions, complications and their corresponding treatment methods, effects of spinal tuberculosis patients during perioperative period.
〖HTH〗〖WTHZ〗Results〖HTSS〗Among the 402 patients, the pathological diagnosis rate was 77.11%. The preoperative antituberculosis time was 28 cases in 3-7 days, 280 cases in 7-21 days, 59 cases in 21-90 days, and 35 cases in 90 days.The top 4 associated systemic diseases were pulmonary tuberculosis,hypoproteinemia,hypertension,and diabetes. The positive rate of tuberculosis was 48.51%, and the drug-resistant tuberculosis accounted for 20.40%. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis accounted for 43.90%. The anti-tuberculosis program used before surgery were the initial treatment plan, the re-treatment plan, and the drug resistance program.The surgical methods included 16 cases of anterior approach for cervical and cervical thoracic segments, 326 cases of thoracolumbar anterior approach, 15 cases of posterior anterior approach, 28 cases of lumbosacral anterior approach, 5 cases of posterior approach, and 12 cases of posterior anterior approach. 384 cases achieved bone lesions healing standards within a year, the healing rate was 95.52%. Bone lesions of 8 cases did not heal, the rate of failure was 1.99%. Five cases were taken secondary surgery and the secondary operation rate was 1.24%. The bone lesions of 2 cases relapsed 1 year later, and the recurrence rate was 0.50%. During perioperative period, there were death in 2 cases, thoracic hemorrhage after thoracotomy in 2 cases, intercostal neuralgia in 18 cases.
〖HTH〗〖WTHZ〗Conclusion〖HTSS〗Perioperative management is an important guarantee for a successful operation. Accurate diagnosis and identification before surgery, and standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment are the basis for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis. Etiological examination and bacterial sensitivity test performed during perioperative period shall be conducive to the control of recurrence, improve the cure rate. Timely and correctly handle other associated diseases, and rationally develop individualized surgical methods according to the condition are the guarantee of treatment success.

Key words: tuberculosis,spinal, perioperative period, lesion removal