河北医科大学学报

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超声评价不同分娩方式对盆底结构和功能的影响及康复治疗的效果

  

  1. 1. 河北医科大学第一医院超声科,河北 石家庄 050031;2.河北医科大学就业指导中心,河北 石家庄 050017;
    3.河北医科大学第二医院妇产科超声,河北 石家庄 050000;4.中国人民解放军陆军军医大学士官学校解剖学教研室,
    河北 石家庄 050000;5.河北医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学教研室,河北 石家庄 050017
  • 出版日期:2018-10-25 发布日期:2018-09-27
  • 作者简介:刘文聪(1985-),女,河北石家庄人,河北医科大学第一医院医师,医学硕士,从事医学超声诊断研究。

The effect of different ways of delivery on the structure and function of pelvic floor evaluated byultrasoundand the effect of rehabilitation treatment

  1. 1.Department of Ulstrasound, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China; 〖JP〗
    2.Employment Guidance Center of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China;
    3.Department of Gynecological Ulstrasound, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical
    University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China; 4.Department of Anatomy, Army
    Medical University NCU School, Shijiazhuang 050000, China;
    5.Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health,
    Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
  • Online:2018-10-25 Published:2018-09-27

摘要: [摘要]〓
〖HTH〗目的〖HTSS〗〖KG*2〗通过会阴超声检查探讨不同分娩方式对盆底结构改变和对盆底功能的影响,并评价盆底康复治疗对产后压力性尿失禁的治疗效果。
〖HTH〗方法〖HTSS〗〖KG*2〗选择未育女性105例(对照组)和初产妇255例(包括经阴道顺产分娩组129例和选择性剖宫产组126例)作为研究对象。对所有研究对象(产妇于产后 6 周)进行经会阴盆底超声,测量其膀胱逼尿肌厚度、尿道膀胱后角、膀胱颈移动度、肛提肌裂孔的面积及其周长,比较3组间差异,判断不同分娩方式对女性盆底结构改变和对盆底功能的影响。同期,从产后6周被诊断为压力性尿失禁的患者中收集自愿接受盆底康复治疗的患者75例(包括经阴道自然分娩产后患者43例和选择性剖宫产产后患者32例)。治疗前后对所有研究对象均行经会阴盆底超声检查,测量指标及方法同前,使用配对样本t检验比较治疗前后产后压力性尿失禁患者各项指标的差异,以分析盆底康复治疗的效果。
〖HTH〗结果〖HTSS〗〖KG*2〗经阴道自然分娩组、选择性剖宫产组与对照组3组间膀胱逼尿肌厚度、尿道膀胱后角、膀胱颈移动度、肛提肌裂孔面积及肛提肌裂孔周长差异均有统计学意义(P<005)。阴道自然分娩组、选择性剖宫产组上述指标均大于对照组,而且阴道自然分娩组上述指标均大于选择性剖宫产组。经阴道自然分娩和选择性剖宫产产后的压力性尿失禁患者接受盆底康复治疗,有效率分别为93.02%和90.63%。治疗后,患者逼尿肌厚度、尿道膀胱后角、膀胱颈移动度、肛提肌裂孔面积及肛提肌裂孔周长均比治疗前减小,差异有统计学意义(P<005)。
〖HTH〗结论〖HTSS〗〖KG*2〗分娩会对女性盆底结构和功能产生不同程度的损伤,且经阴道自然分娩比选择性剖宫产对盆底结构和功能造成的损伤更为显著, 进行盆底康复治疗能有效治疗产后压力性尿失禁。

关键词: 尿失禁, 压力性, 盆底疾病, 超声检查

Abstract:
[Abstract] Objective〖HTSS〗〓To explore the effects of different ways of delivery on the structure and function of the pelvic floor by ultrasound, and toevaluate the therapeutic effect of pelvic floor rehabilitation treatment on the patients of stress urinary incontinence(SUI), so as to provide imaging basis for assessing pelvic floor function after production, as well as toprovide theoretical basis for the treatment of SUI.
〖HTH〗〖WTHZ〗Methods〖HTSS〗〓All individuals were divided into three groups: transvaginal natural delivery group(129 cases), selective cesarean section delivery group(126 cases), and childless women were served as the control group(105 cases). The thickness of bladder detrusor, the angle after bladder, the displacement of bladder neck, the area and perimeter of levator hiatal of them by the perineum pelvic floor ultrasound were measured. Oneway AVONA was used to compare the above indexes among three groups. Meanwhile, 75 cases of SUI patients induced by delivery were treated with pelvic floor rehabilitation therapy. Above indexes were measured before and after treatment, and compared by paired samples t test. 
〖HTH〗〖WTHZ〗Results〖HTSS〗〓There were significance differences in the thickness of bladder detrusor, in the angle after bladder, in the displacement of bladder neck, as well as in the area and perimeter of levator hiatal among three groups(P<005). The following Post Hoc multiple comparisons revealed that the above indexes of the transvaginal natural delivery group were higher than those of selective cesarean section delivery group, which were all higher than those of the control group.After pelvic floor rehabilitation treatment for six months, all above indexes of SUI patients were reduced, there were significance differences in each indexes between before and after treatment(P<005).
〖HTH〗〖WTHZ〗Conclusion〖HTSS〗〓Pregnancy and production can induce damage on the structure and function of female pelvic floor. Transvaginal natural delivery impacts more serious damage on the structure and function of pelvic floor to the primipara. Pelvic floor rehabilitation therapy is effective to the postpartum stress urinary incontinence.

Key words: urinary incontinence, stress, pelvic floor disorders, ultrasonography