Abstract: Objective To observe the clinical effect of calcitriol assisted parathyroidism microwave ablation in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) undergoing hemodialysis. 
 Methods A total of 82 patients with SHPT undergoing hemodialysis were selected and divided into control group (treated with microwave parathyroid ablation+cinacase hydrochloride, n=41) and observation group (microwave parathyroid ablation+cinacase hydrochloride + calcitriol, n=41). The parathyroid hormone (PTH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood phosphorus, blood calcium levels, clinical efficacy, parathyroid gland size, and renal function indexes ［blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr)］, serum osteoprotectin (OPG), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) level, occurrence of adverse reactions, intraoperative ablation time, and output power were compared between two groups. 
 Results After treatment, the levels of PTH, ALP and blood phosphorus in two groups were lower than those before treatment, and the levels of blood calcium were higher than those before treatment. The levels of PTH, ALP and blood phosphorus in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, while the levels of blood calcium were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The total effective blood calcium level in observation group was higher than that in control group (P＜0.05). The longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and volume of the parathyroid gland in the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and the longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and volume of the parathyroid gland in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in BUN and Scr levels between two groups after treatment (P＞0.05). The level of OPG in the two groups was lower than that before treatment, the level of FGF-23 was higher than that before treatment, and the levels of OPG and FGF-23 in observation group were lower than those in control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (P＞0.05), nor in ablation time and output power between two groups (P＞0.05). 
 Conclusion Calcitriol assisted parathyroid microwave ablation is effective in the treatment of SHPT patients undergoing hemodialysis. 

Key words: hyperparathyroidism, secondary, renal dialysis, calcitriol