Abstract: Objective To ascertain whether there is a correlation between vaginal microecology, genital tract pathogen infections and endometriosis by exploring the characteristics of vaginal microecology and genital tract pathogens in patients with endometriosis. 
Methods Vaginal microecology and reproductive tract pathogens specimens from patients diagnosed with endometriosis by histopathology (n=58) and women of childbearing age (n=50) who underwent physical examinations in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology (HUST) were selected for data collection and comparative analysis, and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of endometriosis. 
Results The differences of vaginal flora concentration (χ2=5.687, P＜0.05), flora diversity (χ2=6.711, P＜0.05), white blood cell/oil microscopy detection rate (χ2=5.680, P＜0.05), Nugent score (χ2=3.880, P＜0.05), hydrogen peroxide positive rate (χ2=8.810, P＜0.05), pH value (χ2=15.027, P＜0.05) and Ureaplasma urealyticum type 1 positive rate (χ2=3.894, P＜0.05) between the endometriosis group and the healthy control group were statistically significant. Multivariate Logistics regression analysis showed that PH value (OR=6.536, 95%CI: 2.197-19.442, P＜0.05) and white blood cell/oil microscopy (OR=7.885, 95%CI: 1.414-43.962, P＜0.05) were the influencing factors of endometriosis. 
Conclusion The vaginal microecology and genital pathogen infection in EMs patients are more complex than those in healthy people. The imbalance of vaginal microecology and genital pathogen infection may have a potential relationship with the occurrence of EMs, but its causal relationship needs to be further verified. 

Key words: endometriosis, vaginal microecology, reproductive tract pathogen infections